Pain worse in the morning. Pain can disappear after the warm-up but may be present after sport. Pain may be present at all times in severe cases. There may be swelling along the tendon and thickening of the tendon at the site of pain.

Place a heel pad inside the shoe. Mild stretching of the calf. Correction of pronation with orthotics if necessary. Reduction of activity and, in severe cases, rest. Physiotherapy with slow rehabilitation back into sport.

Pain usually worse in the tendon with walking after a period of rest. Pain can, in severe cases, be experienced with running.

Place a heel pad inside the shoe. Correction of pronation with orthotics if necessary. Physiotherapy with slow rehabilitation back into sport.

Most common in older athletes (30’s to 40’s) while playing racquet sports. Caused by a sudden overloading of the calf musculature forceful pointing toes. Most common site of rupture is about 5cm from the bottom of the tendon.

There may be an audible snap or tear. Patient may feel as if he has been hit or kicked in the tendon. Sudden acute pain which rapidly subsides. There is difficulty in walking although patients do compensate with other muscles. It is impossible to lift the heel off the ground in standing.

Conservative treatment in a plaster cast for 6 – 8 weeks in older non-sporting individuals. Surgical repair followed by 6 – 8 weeks in plaster cast or orthopaedic boot in active sportsmen.

Usually when an athlete accelerates from a stationary position. Also when runner steps up onto the curb and the heel drops down rapidly with the toes secured on the curb. Tearing is most common in the medial head of the muscle especially at the junction between the muscle and the tendon.

Sudden acute, stabbing pain or tearing sensation. Bruising may result from inter-muscular swelling in severe cases. It may be difficult to walk or to place the heel on the ground.

Rest, ice, compression and elevation. Place a heel pad inside the shoe. Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatories. Slow progression of stretching and strengthening.

Reduction of the inflammation by means of rest, ice, anti-inflammatories and physiotherapy. Podiatry assessment of running shoes and fitting of orthotics if necessary.

Normally presents as an ache in the region of the medial border of the tibia or as chronic calf pain. Feeling of tightness or a bursting sensation which increases with exercise. May also experience pins and needles in feet due to nerve compression.

Reduction in exercise (especially hill running) Physiotherapy and anti-inflammatories. It is important to assess and correct any biomechanical abnormalities. Surgery may be indicated in severe cases.

Pain is felt on the outside of the shin bone during exercise. The anterior muscles of the lower leg may lose strength while running causing the foot to “slap”. May experience decreased sensation in the first web space as well as pins and needles.